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面对荒谬和困境不同的人生态度

来源：生活好品牌时间：2021年03月18日 13:41

原标题：面对荒谬和困境不同的人生态度

《楚辞渔父》展示了两种不同的面对困境和荒谬的生活态度。屈原既放，游于江潭，行吟泽畔，颜色憔悴，形容枯槁。渔父见而问之曰：“子非三闾大夫与？何故至于斯？”屈原曰：“举世皆浊我独清，众人皆醉我独醒，是以见放。”渔父曰：“圣人不凝滞于物，而能与世推移。世人皆浊，何不淈其泥而扬其波？众人皆醉，何不餔其糟而歠其醨？何故深思高举，自令放为？”屈原曰：“吾闻之，新沐者必弹冠，新浴者必振衣；安能以身之察察，受物之汶汶者乎？宁赴湘流，葬于江鱼之腹中。安能以皓皓之白，而蒙世俗之尘埃乎?”渔父莞尔而笑，鼓枻而去，乃歌曰：“沧浪之水清兮，可以濯吾缨；沧浪之水浊兮，可以濯吾足。”遂去，不复与言。

屈原对荒谬和不公正感到愤慨和不可忍受，但也无能为力，只能起一了百了的心。渔夫，则更看得开一些，更能接受生活的荒谬，也更能坦然面对生活。

加缪的哲学，有类似渔父的态度的地方。Camus thought that life was absurd, but that knowing that was a beginning, not an end.

By realizing it is all absurd, you have the opportunity to rebel against the meaninglessness. Søren Kierkegaard, another philosopher, went with a different answer. 他虽然不同与屈原，但也还是坚持信仰的。

西西弗斯

加缪认为生活就是西西弗斯的苦役。As Camus puts it:

"I leave Sisyphus at the foot of the mountain! One always finds one's burden again. But Sisyphus teaches the higher fidelity that negates the gods and raises rocks. He too concludes that all is well. This universe henceforth without a master seems to him neither sterile nor futile. Each atom of that stone, each mineral flake of that night-filled mountain, in itself forms a world. The struggle itself toward the heights is enough to fill a man's heart. One must imagine Sisyphus happy."

So Sisyphus accepts the meaningless of his universe and carries on, so Camus thinks you can, and must, too. For, as he puts it, "The realization that life is absurd cannot be an end, but a beginning." He encourages us to "genuine rebellion." This is a fruitful action, which requires us to recognize that everybody is in the same boat. He suggests that rebellion should foster in us a sense of solidarity and respect for the dignity of others as they grapple with absurdism.

Now, this doesn't necessarily mean you should spend all your time contemplating how to make the world embrace the situation of absurdity. Camus suggests that the rebel will embrace life for life's sake and live with passion. If you can't be sure of meaning or of an afterlife, then all that's left to put stock in is the life you're living. So why not do it passionately?

For his part, Camus enjoyed sports, going on dates, drama and literature, and other simple pleasures outside of his work.

What do other philosophers have to say?

编辑

The founder of Existentialism, Søren Kierkegaard, considered similar issues in the 19th century. However, unlike Camus and nearly all of the later Existentialists, Kierkegaard was religious and thought that the solution to the problem of meaning involved a "leap of faith." This leap is the rejection of reason in the battle against absurdity. It requires a person to admit that reason alone will not be able to provide an answer in this area and to embrace the faith. This, in theory, allows a person to undertake actions that reason cannot fully justify, which Kierkegaard argues is most things. While he thought this faith was "the only thing which masters the absurd," it is precisely what Camus dubbed "philosophical suicide."

Dealing with the idea that the universe has no meaning and that our attempts to find any will be met with indifference can be difficult. In some cases, it can drive people to nihilism and despair. However, Albert Camus reminds us that it is possible to embrace our lives' absurdity and use that as the starting point for both a new connection with the rest of humanity and a bold experiment in living.

Nobody said it was easy, but the alternative may be more difficult in our increasingly absurd world.

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